ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS’ ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN EFL SPEAKING LESSONS IN VIETNAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63506/jilc.0903.362Keywords:
corrective feedback (CF); teachers’ oral CF; English majors; perceptions; EFL speakingAbstract
Over the past two decades, corrective feedback (CF), in both oral and written forms, has been widely acknowledged as one of the key topics of discussion in second or foreign language pedagogy and research. However, English-majored university students’ perceptions of teachers’ oral CF have been relatively underexplored. This study investigated second-year English-majored students’ views on teacher-provided oral CF in English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) speaking lessons at a university in Central Vietnam. The research collected questionnaire data from 200 respondents. The findings revealed that students valued CF, especially when it targeted errors that hindered communication or occurred repeatedly. Moreover, CF was preferred after students’ speaking turns, and CF strategies such as metalinguistic clues, didactic recasts, and explicit correction were favored. These insights provide practical guidance for teachers in delivering timely, targeted, and effective CF in English speaking classes.
Downloads
References
Albarqi, G., & Tavakoli, P. (2023). The effects of proficiency level and dual-task condition on L2 self-monitoring behavior. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 45(1), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263122000146
Baz, E. H., Balçıkanlı, C., & Cephe, P. T. (2016). Perceptions of English instructors and learners about corrective feedback. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 1(1), 54–68. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/331/848
Brandmo, C., & Gamlem, S. M. (2025). Students’ perceptions and outcome of teacher feedback: A systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1572950
Carroll, S., & Swain, M. (1993). Explicit and implicit negative feedback: An empirical study of the learning of linguistic generalizations. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15(3), 357–386. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100012158
Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. & Snow, M. A. (2014). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed.). Heinle ELT.
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. https://collegepublishing.sagepub.com/products/designing-and-conducting-mixed-methods-research-3-241842
Fowler, F. J. (2013). Survey research methods (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/book/survey-research-methods-4
Ha, X. V., & Nguyen, L. T. (2021). Targets and sources of oral corrective feedback in English as a foreign language classrooms: Are students’ and teachers’ beliefs aligned? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697160
Ha, X. V., Murray, J. C., & Riazi, A. M. (2021a). High school EFL students’ beliefs about oral corrective feedback: The role of gender, motivation and extraversion. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 11(2), 235–264. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2021.11.2.4
Ha, X. V., Nguyen, L. T., & Bui, H. P. (2021b). Oral corrective feedback in English as a foreign language classrooms: A teaching and learning perspective. Heliyon, 7(7),. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07550
Havnes, A., Smith, K., Dysthe, O., & Ludvigsen, K. (2012). Formative assessment and feedback: Making learning visible. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 38(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2012.04.001
Hossain, K. I., Ahmed, M. K., & Mahmud, M. S. (2024). A Comprehensive review on the impact of teacher feedback in language development for ESL/EFL learners. IUBAT Review, 7(1), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.3329/iubatr.v7i1.74421
Jonsson, A. (2013). Facilitating productive use of feedback in higher education. Active Learning in Higher Education, 14(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787412467125
Kaewkascholkul, N., & Jaturapitakkul, N. (2023). Thai teacher’s corrective feedback on adult learners’ errors in speaking. THAITESOL Journal, 36(2), 39–60. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/thaitesoljournal/article/view/269075
Kartchava, E. (2019). Noticing oral corrective feedback in the second language classroom: Background and evidence. Bloomsbury. https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/noticing-oral-corrective-feedback-in-the-second-language-classroom-9781498536790/
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press. https://archive.org/details/principlespracti0000kras/page/n9/mode/2up
Lee, E. J. (2013). Corrective feedback preferences and learner repair among advanced ESL students. System, 41(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.01.022
Li, S. (2010). The effectiveness of corrective feedback in SLA: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 60(2), 309–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00561.x
Li, S., Ou, L., & Lee, I. (2025). The timing of corrective feedback in second language learning. Language Teaching, 59(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261444824000478
Li, S., Zhu, Y., & Ellis, R. (2016). The effects of the timing of corrective feedback on the acquisition of a new linguistic structure. The Modern Language Journal, 100(1), 276–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12315
Long, M. H. (1991). Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology. In K. De Bot, R. B. Ginsberg, & C. Kramsch (Eds.), Foreign language research in cross cultural perspective (pp. 39–52). John Benjamins. https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.1075%2Fsibil.2.07lon
Lyster, R., & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: Negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(1), 37-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263197001034
Lyster, R., & Saito, K. (2010). Oral feedback in classroom SLA: A meta-analysis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 265–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109990520
Lyster, R., Saito, K., & Sato, M. (2013). Oral corrective feedback in second language classrooms. Language Teaching, 46(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000365
Maghfiroh, S. A., Wahyuni, S., & Winarto, A. E. (2024). Tutors’ corrective feedback and students’ preferences in an English course at Kampung Inggris Pare, Indonesia. English Education Journal of English Teaching and Research, 9(2), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.29407/jetar.v9i2.21592
Mahara, A. D., & Hartono, D. (2024). The effect of corrective feedback to improve students’ motivation in speaking skills A perspective from EFL learners. Cetta Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(4), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v7i4.3649
Mahmoud, G. H. A. A. (2018). Effects of corrective feedback on learners of English as a Second Language (ESL). International Journal of Education (IJE), 6(4), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.5121/ije.2018.6405
Maruf, N., Liu, Y., Halyna, K., Anwar, K., & Santoso, R. A. (2025). Enhancing language learning through gesture-based corrective feedback: A comparative study in a multi-country context. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 612–625. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v14i3.74501
Muslem, A., Zulfikar, T., Astilla, I., Heriansyah, H., & Marhaban, S. (2021). Students’ perception toward oral corrective feedback in speaking classes: A case at English Education Department students. International Journal of Language Education, 5(4), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i4.19010
Nassaji, H. (2015). The interactional feedback dimension in instructed second language learning: Linking theory, research, and practice. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474219068
Nguyen, T. P. U., & Nguyen, P. T. U. (2022). Pre-service teacher performance and high-school student uptake of oral corrective feedback in EFL classes in Da Nang. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 2(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte.22227
Nhac, T. H. (2022). Oral corrective feedback preferences in English lessons: Learners’ and teachers’ perspectives. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(3), 1643-1655. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.3.1643
Oladejo, J. A. (1993). Error correction in ESL: Learners’ preferences. TESL Canada Journal, 10(2), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v10i2.619
Ölmezer-öztürk, E., & Öztürk, G. (2016). Types and timing of oral corrective feedback in EFL classrooms: Voices from students. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 10(2), 113–133. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1167213.pdf
Panova, I., & Lyster, R. (2002). Patterns of corrective feedback and uptake in an adult ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 36(4), 573–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588241
Pimentel, J. L. (2010). A note on the usage of Likert scaling for research data analysis. USM R&D Journal, 18(2), 109–112. https://uqac.usm.edu.ph/pluginfile.php/10133/mod_folder/content/0/File%203.pdf
Ranta, L., & Lyster, R. (2007). A cognitive approach to improving immersion students’ oral language abilities: The awareness–practice–feedback sequence. In R. DeKeyser (Ed.), Practice in a second language: Perspectives from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology (pp. 141–160). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/practice-in-a-second-language/cognitive-approach-to-improving-immersion-students-oral-language-abilities-the-awarenesspracticefeedback-sequence/C91C71DB36305742E5E2FA24989969DF?utm
Roothooft, H., & Breeze, R. (2016). A comparison of EFL teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward oral corrective feedback. Language Awareness, 25(4), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2016.1235580
Saeb, F. (2017). Students’ and teachers’ perceptions and preferences for oral corrective feedback: Do they match? International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 6(4), 32–44. https://www.aiac.org.au/journals/index.php/IJALEL/article/view/3119/2582
Schmidt, R. W. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.2.129
Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar instruction and corrective feedback: USA–Colombia. The Modern Language Journal, 85(2), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00107
Sheen, Y. (2011). Corrective feedback, individual differences and second language learning. In Educational linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0548-7
Sheen, Y., & Ellis, R. (2011). Corrective feedback in language teaching. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (Vol. 2, pp. 593–610). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203836507-41/corrective-feedback-language-teaching-younghee-sheen-rod-ellis
Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Tran, T. D., Tran, H. N., Au, M. T., Dang, T. B. D., Le, V. L., & Nguyen, T. K. H. (2024). Students’ perception of teachers’ oral corrective feedback on speaking performance: A case at a university in Vietnam. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(3), 162–172. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1475178.pdf
Vu, T. T. (2025). Recent trends in English Language education in Vietnam. English Today, 41(2), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000506
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. https://www.perlego.com/book/1147807/mind-in-society-development-of-higher-psychological-processes-pdf?partner_id=100014&utm_source=jstor&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=jstor-referral
Weekly, R., Pollard, A., & Macpherson, J. (2022). EAP corrective feedback in an EMI setting: Student and teacher beliefs. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2022.101157
Yu, S. (2024). Peer assessment in writing instruction. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peer-assessment-in-writing-instruction/FD624A3F4E6614078528644E6AE6BFEB
Zhang, C., Bowen, N. E., & Thomas, N. (2025). Oral corrective feedback and learner uptake: An analysis of Chinese high-school teachers’ practices in a national teaching competition. Classroom Discourse, 16(4), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2025.2474233
Zhang, J., Cao, X., & Zheng, N. (2022). How learners’ corrective feedback beliefs Modulate their oral accuracy: A comparative study on high- and low-accuracy learners of Chinese as a second language. Frontiers in Psychology, 13,. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869468
Zhang, L. J., & Rahimi, M. (2014). EFL learners’ anxiety level and their beliefs about corrective feedback in oral communication classes. System, 42, 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.01.012













